Som,department of mechanical engineering,iit kharagpur. This system has a maximum power output of 11 kw, so is a relatively small system. Introduction to surface water hydrology hydrologic cycle. Mod01 lec07 analysis of force on the bucket of pelton wheel and power generation. Turbines revolutionized airplane propulsion in the 1940s, and in the 1990s through today have been a popular choice for new power generation plants in the united states. See more ideas about steam turbine, abandoned factory and industrial photography. Introduction to fluid machines and compressible flow by prof. The bucket width b 2 of the original runners was 754 mm and there were 22 buckets. Modification of nozzles for the improvement of efficiency. Engineering advancements pioneered the development of gas turbines in the early 1900s, and turbines began to be used for stationary electric power generation in the late 1930s. Turbine profiles, aerofoil data and profile construction.
The pelton wheel or pelton wheel turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine used for high heads of water. In this module we shall discuss the governing principles of various types of hydraulic turbines used in hydroelectric power stations. Steam turbine steam turbines are used for the generation of electricity in thermal power plants, such as plants using coal, fuel oil or nuclear power. Hydraulic turbines are being used from very ancient times to harness the energy stored in flowing streams, rivers and lakes. Gas turbinethe working fluid in a gas turbine is a permanent gas, in contrast with acondensable vapour in the steam turbine, produced in a gas generator athigh. Pelton wheel is the preferred turbine for hydropower when the available water source has a relatively high hydraulic head at low flow rates. The real pelton runner for a real pelton runner there will always be loss we will therefore set the hydraulic efficiency to. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and. It was discovered in 188 0 by an american engineer lestera.
It operates under v ery high heads upto 1800 m and requires comparatively lesser quantity of water. Impulse turbine or turbine stages, which are simple, singlerotor or multirotor compounded turbines to which impulse blades are attached. Unesco eolss sample chapters thermal power plants vol. Gas turbines can be used in poweronly generation or in combined heat and power chp systems the most efficient commercial technology for central station poweronly generation is the gas turbine steam turbinecombinedcycle plant, with efficiencies approaching 60 percent lower heating value lhv. Turbomachinery aerodynamics video course aerospace. Nptel syllabus jet aircraft propulsion video course course outline introduction to aircraft jet propulsion. At each loading, note down the rotational speed rpm of the turbine using a tachometer. These notes are of easyengineering team prepared notes.
Nptel has changed the links of pdf lecture notes since august 2019. Diameter of the turbine housing for vertical turbines. Lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. Up next mod01 lec07 analysis of force on the bucket of pelton wheel and power generation duration. Nptel syllabus introduction to fluid machines and compressible flow video course course detail. Mechanical introduction to fluid machines and compressible. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel online courses. Figures 5 below shows a pelton turbine with twin spearjets installed by renewables first in 2007.
Impulse blades are usually symmetrical and have entrance and exit angles. A cover or shell that protects or encloses something. Find efficiency of turbine compared to available wind power varies with not well known ratio upstream, turbine areas maximum c. At the entrance of the turbine where the pressure is high, the blades are normally short and have constant cross sections. One of the most powerful pelton turbine at that time with an output of 282 mw, a runner diameter of 4. Vtu nptel nmeict project progress report the project on development of remaining three quadrants to nptel phasei under grant in aid nmeict, mhrd, new delhi. The angular momentum equation is applied assuming negligible angular momentum for the exiting jet to the same control volume about the axis of the turbine shaft the absolute value of the power developed by the turbine can be written as, pb.
Reaction turbine blading and conditions figure 3 shows, at the top, the end view of four stages of fixed and moving blades of an. Francis turbine francis turbine is the first hydraulic turbine with radial inflow. Pelton turbine among different types of impulse turbines, pelton wheel is the only turbine beingused at present. P 1 inlet water head q discharge of the incoming jet h i available pressure head on the nozzle. Energy resources and technology nptel online videos.
Applications pelton wheels are the preferred turbine for hydropower, when the available water source has relatively high hydraulic head. Synchronising is done by manual load control to adjust speed. Steam turbine is the widely use as a prime mover in power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, food processing plants, power plants etc. Introduction and classification lecture 33 lecture 3 steam and gas turbine. Analytical study on flow through a pelton turbine bucket. Pelton turbine design of gilgel gibe ii at a runner circumferential velocity of around half the jet velocity, the maximum efficiency in the energy conversion is reached because the energy of the discharging water is at its minimum. Pdf easyengineering team internal combustion engine.
Three horizontal pelton turbines were replaced by one 48 mw vertical machine while preserving historical structures. Parts, working, advantages, formulas, applications. Uses the potential energy and kinetic energy of water and rotate the rotor by dynamic action of water classification of hydraulic turbines. First highhead power plant in the country with 18 mw francis doublespiral turbines. Turbines part 3 pumps, turbines video lecture by prof. Gas turbine and combined cycles the ideal brayton cycle, example 1, the actual simple gas turbine cycle, example 2, splitting the turbine, example 3, modification to the basic. Whether youre looking to improve your existing mud plant and finished products with higherperforming results or needing flexibility on development of a mobile plant, were happy to. Learn more about design, analysis, working principle and applications of pelton wheel turbine. The flow rate and head are given h 1 m q 28,5 m3s p 288 mw 2. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. If the water flows radially through the runner, from outwards to inwards then it is known as an inward radial flow turbine. As turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a flowing fluid and conv. In a pelton turbine or pelton wheel water jets impact on the blades of the turbine making the wheel rotate, producing torque and power. Turbines an introductiona turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from afluid flow and converts it into useful work, namely electricity.
This is a hydraulic turbine and the main uses of these turbines are in the hydropower plant to generate electricity. Open channel flow specific energy and rapid transitions hydraulic jumps slowly varying flow open channel control structures 3. Increase area of water exit, increase whirling action, suit for. Torque nm against turbine rotational speedhz curve. In a hydroelectric power plant, this is used to drive the generator of the turbine and that generator generates the mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical energy. Highway wind turbine quite revolution turbine 791 figure 1. A local iron manufacturer was commissioned to produce it.
Only a part of the pressure energy is converted in the guide vanes, into velocity energy. Turbine shear technologies has pioneered high efficiency mixing technology which allows for up to 30% less product usage in various drilling fluid systems. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel online courses, youtube iit videos nptel courses. In a reaction turbine water enters all around the periphery of runner and the runner remains full of water every time. Show videos based on topics in the curriculum total internal reflection, population. This is the first lecture in the turbotriciy wind energy series and covers the basic principles of wind power. Introduction to reaction type of hydraulic turbine a francis turbine lecture 10. Pelton turbine design of gilgel gibe ii uchicago geosci. Power outputw against turbine rotational speedhz curve and turbine efficiency% against turbine rotational speedhz curve 2. Hydraulic turbines are machines which convert hydraulic energy in to mechanical energy. The general shape of the rotor is standard for a cross flow turbine. Figure 6 shows a large multimegawatt system being installed not by us, but gives.
Pump and turbine theory energy and power pump selection pumppipe networks use of pipe network analysis program epanet2. Hydraulic turbines pelton wheel, francis turbine and kaplan turbine. Turbine turbine history of water turbine technology. Gauge, 1 vaccumme gauge 1 draft tube, delivery pipe 10cm dia. Since the energy in the steam is represented by the pressure heat energy and velocity kinetic energy, the conversion and transfer of energy in the blading can be visualized. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 4.
Pelton wheel working, force, power and maximum efficiency duration. Modification of nozzles for the improvement of efficiency of. Lec11 basic concept of turbine, velocity diagram youtube. Mechanical engineering curriculum government polytechnic nashik. Civil engineering video lectures tutorials lecture 21 vertical alignment part ii lecture 11 overtaking,intermidiate and headlight sight lecture 35 analysis of concrete pavements lecture 6 highway capacity and level of service lecture 22 vertical alignment part iii lecture 17 horizontal alignment iv lecture 40 pavement. Hydraulic turbines their design and equipment nechleba. The pelton turbine designed in this study was chosen to be included in the itoshima microhydro power generation system.
Saravanamuttoo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the relevant steady flow equation is 1 22 qh h c c w. The pelton wheel turbine is invented by lester allan pelton, an american engineer. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines. Figure 5 twin spearjet pelton turbine installed by renewables first in 2007. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working. Mod01 lec07 analysis of force on the bucket of pelton. The turbine runs almost exactly at rated power at high wind speeds for a passive stall control wind turbine, a rotor blades go into deeper stall at high wind speeds advantages. Initially the pressure is high representing a high energy level. Water director nozzle the theory about the cross flow turbine shows that the nozzle shape should be logarithmic 5. Francis turbine is a combination of both impulse and reaction turbine, where the blades rotate using both reaction and impulse force of water flowing through them producing electricity more efficiently.
Therefore, pelton wheels have only one turbine stage, unlike gas turbines that operate with compressible fluid. Autoplay when autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. In 1826 jeanvictor poncelet of france proposed the idea of an inwardflowing radial turbine, the direct precursor of the modern water turbine. The units were installed in 1968 and the turbine supplier was hitachi.
We scaled up and redesigned the pelton turbine for a flow rate of 80 ls and a pressure head of 29 m. The pelton turbine absorbs energy from a highspeed water jet and is characterized. Francis turbine is used for the production of electricity in hydro. Similitude and dimensional analysis iii hydromechanics vvr090 analysis of turbomachines pumps centrifugal, axialflow turbines impulse, reaction dimensional analysis useful to make generalizations about similar turbomachines or distinguish between them. Repeat the procedure for half opening of the nozzle, keeping each time supply head constant at 2. The pressure energy at the inlet and outlet of the turbine is atmospheric. Civil engineering video lectures from nptel, iit, mit. The pelton wheel or pelton wheel turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine used for. The first units were made with flow control doors rather than a manual internal valve. A micro hydro pelton turbine runner cast in our small shop duration. Introduction pumps and turbines appear many places in hydraulics and other civil and environmental engineering applications. A common classification of modern pelton turbine designs is related to the orientation of the shaft.
The power obtainable from an impulse turbine is proportional to the number of nozzles used. How to download notes directly in pdf format from nptel. Turbine history of water turbine technology britannica. Pumps, turbines and pipe networks moment of momentum revisited types of pumps and turbines and uses pumppipe systems, networks 2. This internal combustion engine study materials contains all the formulae and important theoretical aspects of mechanical engineering. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbine principle, working and difference. The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy. Specific speed, governing and limitation of a pelton turbine lecture 9. Kinds of open channel flow, channel geometry, types and regimes of flow,velocity distribution in open channel, wide open channel, specific energy, critical flow and its computation,energy in nonprismatic channel, momentum in open channel flow, specific force. Definition, parts, working principle, advantages, disadvantages, and applications pdf. Introduction to wind energy quentin gargan introduces the basics of wind energy. Global trend in wind energy, data from the global wind energy council. Casing may also refer to an enclosing shell, tube, or surrounding material. The pitch mechanism is usually operated using hydraulics or an electric stepper motor added complexity of the turbine and cost due to the blade pitch mechanism.
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